@article {484,
	title = {Regional sea level response to global climatic change: Black Sea examples},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2002},
	abstract = {<p>The sensitivity of Black Sea level to variations in the global forcing  is studied here using tide gauge and satellite altimeter data, as well  as hydro-meteorological data for the fresh water flux components. The  consistency between satellite and sea borne data is analyzed and the  characteristics of variability with monthly to interannual time scales  are revealed. The analysis of 6-year-long data series of TOPEX/Poseidon  altimeter shows that the first EOF accounts for 85\% of the total  variance and is associated with the water cycle, the latter forced by  the air-sea exchange, continental hydrological budgets and straits  outflow. This result is a demonstration that the Black Sea level  integrates the variations of global forcing over vast catchment area,  thus making them quite distinguishable. The second EOF describes the  seasonal variability of circulation. The third and higher EOFs describe  synoptic and basin-oscillations, and the corresponding principal  components are characterized by strong interannual variability. By  analyzing the correlation of sea level and water balance in the last 70  years, we quantify the response to the external forcing. The mean sea  level trend during 1993-1997, derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon data, of  12 cm is much lower than the largest trends of this type observed in the  last 120 years, which are associated with interannual-to-decadal  variability and reach 20-30 cm. The correlation between the sea level  and NAO index, starting from 1870s, is well pronounced, suggesting that  future variations of sea level could be predicted using global climate  indices. It is shown that the long-term changes of water balance are  strong enough to substantially affect the exchange between Black Sea and  Mediterranean Sea. This in turn might result in changing the conditions  of water mass formation in the Aegean Sea and motivates further studies  on the prediction of extreme events of deep water mass formation in the  Eastern Mediterranean Sea as function of the global and regional water  cycles.</p>},
	keywords = {Aegean Sea, altim{\'e}trie, altimetry, Black sea, climate, climate change, cycle hydrologique, deep water, eastern Mediterranean, flux d{\textquoteright}eau douce, fresh water flux, hydrological cycle, mean sea level, Mediterranean sea, M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e orientale, Mer Eg{\'e}e, Mer M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, Mer Noire, niveau moyen de la mer, trend},
	author = {E.V. Stanev and E.L. Peneva}
}
