@article {418,
	title = {Phenological changes in the Northwestern Mediterranean copepods Centropages typicus and Temora stylifera linked to climate forcing},
	journal = { Oecologia},
	volume = {146},
	year = {2005},
	abstract = {<p>Planktonic copepods play a major role in the fluxes of matter and energy  in the marine ecosystem, provide a biological pump of carbon into the  deep ocean, and play a role in determining fish recruitment. Owing to  such ecological considerations, it is essential to understand the role  that climate might play in the interannual variability of these  organisms and the mechanisms by which it could modify the ecosystem  functioning. In this study, a causal chain of meteorological,  hydrological and ecological processes linked to the North Atlantic  Oscillation (NAO) was identified in the Ligurian Sea, Northwestern  Mediterranean. The forcing by the NAO drives most of the hydro-climatic  variability during winter and early spring. Subsequently, interannual  and decadal changes of the dominant copepods Centropages typicus and  Temora stylifera were significantly correlated to the state of the  hydro-climatic signal and tightly coupled to the NAO. Direct and  indirect effects whose influence promoted phenological changes in the  two copepod populations drove the species{\textquoteright} responses to climatic  forcing. Opposite responses ofthe analysed species were also highlighted  by these results.While years characterized by the positive phase of the  NAO leads to enhancement of the strength and the forward move of the C.  typicus peak, they act negatively on the annual cycle of T. stylifera,  the abundance ofwhich drops twofold and the annual peak appears delayed  in time. In contrast, low NAO years lead to highabundance of T.  stylifera and a forward timing of its peak, and acts in turn negatively  on the C. typicus annualcycle in both abundance (low) and timing  (delayed). Owing to the synchronism between hydro-climatic conditions  and the NAO, and the major role of these species in the pelagic  ecosystem of the studied area, these results provide key elements for  interpreting and forecasting decadal changes of planktonic populations  in the Ligurian Sea.</p>},
	keywords = {abundance, Centropages typicus, climate, climate change, copepod, crustacea, deep-sea, ecosystem, fish, Ligurian Sea, Mediterranean sea, ocean, recruitment, Temora stylifera},
	author = {J.B. Molinero and M. Chifflet and S. Souissi and F. Ibanez and P. Nival}
}
