@article {395,
	title = {European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500},
	journal = {Science},
	year = {2004},
	abstract = {<p>Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature  fields for Europe back to 1500 show that the late 20th- and early  21st-century European climate is very likely (95\% confidence level)  warmer than that ofany time during the past 500 years. This agrees with  findings for the entire Northern Hemisphere. European winter average  temperatures during the period 1500 to 1900 were reduced by 0.5\&deg;C  (0.25\&deg;C for annual mean temperatures) compared to the 20th century.  Summer temperatures did not experience systematic century-scale cooling  relative to present conditions. The coldest European winter was  1708/1709; 2003 was by far the hottest summer.</p>},
	keywords = {climate, climate change, Europe, seasonal variation, temperature, trend},
	author = {J. Luterbacher and E. Xoplaki and D. Dietrich and M. Grosjean and H. Wanner}
}
