@article {438,
	title = {Designing indicators for assessing the effects of marine protected areas on coral reef ecosystems: A multidisciplinary standpoint},
	journal = {Aquatic Living Ressources},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2005},
	abstract = {<p>The present paper aims at identifying and assessing indicators of the  effects of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in coral reef regions, based on  a bibliography review in ecology, economics and social sciences. First  the various effects studied within each of these domains and the  variables used to measure them were censused. Potential ecological  indicators were assessed through their link with the question used (here  termed \&quot;relevance\&quot;) and their \&quot;effectiveness\&quot; which encompasses the  issues of precision, accuracy and statistical power. Relevance and  effectiveness were respectively measured by the frequency of use of each  indicator and the proportion of significant results in the reviewed  articles. For social and economic effects, the approach was not possible  due to the low number of references; we thus discussed the issue of  finding appropriate indicators for those fields. Results indicate: 1-  the unbalance in literature between disciplines; 2- the need for  protocols and methodologies which include controls in order to assess  MPA effects; 3- an important proportion of ecological indicators with  low effectiveness; 4- the large number of ecological effects still not  studied or not demonstrated at present.</p>},
	keywords = {conflict, ecological indicator, ecology, economic effect, economy, ecosystem, effectiveness, fish, fishery, impact, indicator, invertebrate, management, marine protected area, methodology, perception, protected area, protection effectiveness, review, social effect, socioeconomic aspects},
	author = {D. Pelletier and M. Amand and J. Claudet and Y. Letourneur and O. Th{\'e}baud and J. Ferraris and G. David and M. Kulbicki and J-A. Garcia-Charton and R. Galzin}
}
