@book {380,
	title = {Sustainable Financing Sources for Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Region / Sources de financement durables pour les aires prot{\'e}g{\'e}es de la R{\'e}gion M{\'e}diterran{\'e}enne / Sources de financement durables pour les aires prot{\'e}g{\'e}es de la R{\'e}gion M{\'e}diterran{\'e}enne},
	year = {2006},
	publisher = {The World Conservation Union (IUCN), UK in collaboration with Fundacion Biodiversidad and Agencia Espa?ola de Cooperacion Internacional of the Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperacion},
	organization = {The World Conservation Union (IUCN), UK in collaboration with Fundacion Biodiversidad and Agencia Espa?ola de Cooperacion Internacional of the Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperacion},
	address = {Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge},
	abstract = {<p>This document reviews the degree to which these recommendations have  been implemented in the region, and briefly identifies the most  important financing actions relevant to PAs, particularly from  cooperation agencies and the public sector.We also illustrate the  development of pioneering tools, describing case studies occurring in  our region. It was presented at the Conference as a background document,  and completed thereafter with the presentations and discussions from  the participants.Over recent decades wide range of PA financing  mechanisms have been developed and extensive technical guidance on  conservation finance has been made available(1,2). But this document  does not describe or review any theory or lessons drawn from the  practice on PA financial tools; it rather aims at assessing the extent  of their implementation in the Mediterranean region.The broad PAs in  Categories V-VI, usually allowing for multiple uses and sharing  management responsibilities, require US$ 36 and US$ 120/ ha/year at sea.  Categories I-IV (strictly protected and National Parks) require between  over US$ 1000/ha/year in small marine parks. These preliminary figures  suggest that the annual financial needs for PAs in the Mediterranean  region would be in the range of US$ 1,147 - 3,820 million.Funding from  the public sector remains largely insufficient to cover the basic needs  of PAs in the Mediterranean.The regional average hides an enormous  sub-regional disparity; the PAs in the EU receive 10 times as much (US$  43 /ha) as those in the non-EU countries (US$ 4.5/ha).Le pr\&eacute;sent  document examine le degr\&eacute; de mise en pratique des recommandations  (adopt\&eacute;es par la septi\&egrave;me Conf\&eacute;rence des Signataires (CDS VII, 2004)  lors de la CDB, dans le cadre du Programme de Travail sur les Aires  Prot\&eacute;g\&eacute;es (D\&eacute;cision VII-28), puis rappel\&eacute;es et explicit\&eacute;es lors de la  premi\&egrave;re R\&eacute;union ad hoc sur les Aires Prot\&eacute;g\&eacute;es,</p>},
	keywords = {AMP, business, category, conservation, cooperation, diversit{\'e} biologique, diversity, economic value, economy, ecosystem approach, financement, formation, GEF, gestion, impact, Italy, management, marine protected area, Mediterranean sea, M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, national park, partnership, planning, policy, protected area, protection, regulation, research, review, revision, stakeholders, tourism},
	author = {A. Lopez Ornat and S. Jim{\'e}nez}
}
