@book {456,
	title = {Fully-protected marine reserves: a guide},
	year = {2000},
	publisher = {WWF Endangered Seas Campaign},
	organization = {WWF Endangered Seas Campaign},
	edition = {WWF},
	address = {USA and Environment Department, University of York},
	abstract = {<p>Fully-protected marine reserves are areas of the sea completely  protected from fishing and other extractive or harmful human uses. The  aim of this information pack is to summarize the scientific case for  fully-protected reserves in a way that is easily understood by everyone.  Our objective in producing it is to speed up the process of translating  scientific research into action. The pack is particularly aimed towards  people who need information to inform and persuade others of the  benefits of reserves. They include, for example, those working to set up  community-based management of marine resources, park or fishery  managers, and policy makers.In addition to explaining the theory behind  fully-protected reserves this book is also intended as a practical  guide. The main text of the book provides much of the background to  reserves. This is supplemented by a series of case studies showing some  of the most interesting reserves from around the world.This book has a  global focus and we will show how reserves can work in any region from  cold water to warm. Reserves are also usually portrayed as only  benefitting animals that stay put. We explore ways in which they can  work for both migratory and site-attached species. We start by asking  why reserves should be protected from fishing and review the evidence to  support these claims. Throughout the book we consistently highlight the  conservation and economic benefits of reserves. We try to answer  commonly-asked practical questions such as how large fully-protected  zones should be, where they should be placed and how they can be  enforced. We also aim to stimulate further questioning which can help  advance everybody{\textquoteright}s appreciation and understanding of reserves.Key  points:- Less than half a percent of the seas lie within marine  protected areas, and most of them are under-resourced, poorly managed  and offer little protection.- Perhaps only one ten thousandth of the  oceans are protected from all forms of fishing.- Fully-protected  reserves, areas closed to fishing, extractive or harmful uses, are  powerful management tools. There is an urgent need to establish more to  reverse species losses and habitat destruction.- Fully-protected  reserves represent a precautionary, ecosystem-based approach to  management.</p>},
	keywords = {benefit, conservation, economy, establishment, fishery, fishery impact, guidelines, habitat, management, management tool, marine protected area, no-take area, ocean, policy, protected area, protection, recreation, research, review, scale, scuba-diving, size, spillover, tourism},
	author = {C-M. Roberts and J-P. Hawkins}
}
