@proceedings {383,
	title = {Climatic changes and trends and marine invertebrates: a need for relevant observing networks and experimental ecophysiology},
	journal = {Atti della Associazione Italiana di Oceanologia e Limnologia},
	year = {2001},
	edition = {Associazione Italiana di Oceanologia e Limnologia (AIOL)},
	abstract = {<p>It is a well known fact that several biological mechanisms are  controlled by a combination of both temperature value and exposure time.  As a consequence, ecotoxicologists for instance are using LC48 or LC96.  Similarly, a Degree Heating Weeks Index measured from satellite-derived  surface temperatures has been recently defined to point out bleaching  risk areas in the coral reefs of the Pacific Ocean. During Summer 1999, a  mass mortality event of large sessile invertebrates living on rocky  substrates and coralligenous assemblage has been recorded on both  Ligurian and Provence coasts of Italy and France respectively. In the  Marseilles-Port-Cros area, available data have shown that a significant  increase of temperature (up to 5\&deg;C) has occurred between 0 and 40 meters  during periods of at least one month (August or September). These  abnormal high temperatures during such a long period could well cause  physiological stresses in sessile invertebrates and led them to death,  associated with opportunistic microorganisms (protozoans, fungi, etc.)  proliferation. Ecophysiological experiments are strongly needed to  determine the thermal preferendum of the impacted invertebrates and  confirm this hypothesis. These experiments should preferably be  performed in the field, using temperature-controlled chambers. Parallel  to that, there is a need to define relevant parameters that need to be  monitored in the coastal zone at an appropriate time-space scale (hours  and tens/hundreds of meters) for better prediction of similar events.</p>},
	keywords = {benthos, biodiversit{\'e}, biodiversity, blanchiment, bleaching, changement climatique, climate change, coastal zone, coral, coral reef, corallig{\`e}ne, coralligenous community, France, invertebrate, invert{\'e}br{\'e}, Italy, Ligurian Sea, mass mortality, Mer Ligure, Mer M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, mortalit{\'e} massive, mortality, network, ocean, physiologie, Provence, r{\'e}chauffement, r{\'e}cif coralien, rocky substrate, sea water temperature, temperature, temp{\'e}rature de l{\textquoteright}eau de mer, thermotolerance, trend, warming},
	author = {L. Laubier}
}
