<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P. Francour</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M.L.. Harmelin-Vivi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J.G. Harmelin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C.F. Boudouresque</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J.P. Quignard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Are the Meditterranean waters becoming warmer? Information from biological indicators</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marine Pollution Bulletin</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biological indicator</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate change</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fauna</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Golfe du Lion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ile de Port-Cros</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">littoral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">long-term monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mediterranean sea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méditerranée nord-occidentale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méditerrannée occidentale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mer Méditerranée</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">north-western Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ocean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Port-Cros Island</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Provence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">réchauffement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scandola</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sea water temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">shallow water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">température de l'eau de mer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">warming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">western Mediterranean</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wind</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Important changes described in the marine littoral zones throughout the world are attributed to short term phenomena such as marine pollution. Recently, a few authors have emphasized medium to long-term modifications of the ocean conditions (Mearns, 1988). Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other infrared absorbing gases are widely proposed as a mechanism of global surface warming over the next several decades (Ausubel, 1983). Over the past 20-30 years, a significant increase in the average temperature of the waters of the western Mediterranean basin has been observed: between 1973 and 1987, an increase of 0.4°C at 80 m depth (Pascual, pers. comm.), and between 1959 and 1989, an increase of 0.12°C under 400 m (Bethoux et al., 1990). Similar observations have been made in the other ocean basins (Bindoff &amp; Church, 1992). In view of our present-day knowledge of the shallow waters of the Mediterranean, we can only put forward a model-based assumption of temperature increase (Bethoux et al., 1990). Winds, currents and albedo can strongly induce variations of the surface temperature (lvanoff, 1972) but physical measurements cannot demonstrate a significant mean temperature increase at present, even if it exists. However, the possibility of an increase is suggested by the marine flora and fauna which integrate medium-term changes in ambient conditions (Soule &amp; Keppel, 1988). Unusual occurrences in marine life may also be used as indicators of changing ocean conditions (Mearns, 1988).&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;523&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;526&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom4></record></records></xml>