@article {489,
	title = {Guidelines for management planning of protected areas},
	year = {2003},
	edition = {IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK.},
	address = {Gland},
	abstract = {<p>Management Planning is an essential step towards ensuring the proper  management of protected areas. This is particularly so as we move  forward to the 21st century and face increasing complexities in the  management of our parks and reserves. The essential steps of good  management planning embracing current best practice are not always  understood by park agencies or planning practitioners. So I am pleased  to see the publication of these Guidelines, which have been compiled by  two very experienced planners.In past years, management planning was  typically undertaken by a group of planning experts who were instructed  by their organisation to research the relevant information, interpret it  and devise the best possible plan based on their professional  experience. Indeed some planners may never have visited the site. Today,  as we move into increasingly complex planning environments, with higher  levels of tourism and protected area resource use, it is not possible  to continue in this way. Critical to the planning of protected areas is  the widest possible consultation with stakeholders and the development  of objectives that can be agreed and adhered to by all who have an  interest in the use and ongoing survival of the area concerned. So I am  pleased to see that the consultative phase, particularly with local  communities, features strongly in these Guidelines.It needs to be  recognised that the preparation of the plans can be expensive and time  consuming. While short cuts can be taken, this will be to the detriment  of the protected area. Those organisations with responsibility for  management are urged to make the strongest possible commitment to  planning so as to avoid the long-term perils of management which lacks a  strategic direction.In the past, emphasis in management planning has  been almost exclusively directed towards biological, ecological,  physical and cultural aspects. As these Guidelines make clear we need to  go beyond this. This represents the starting point for the work of the  planners who need to reach out and take into account as never before the  myriad of use patterns, the often complex organisational arrangements,  the range of economic services generated, the financial aspects and the  \&quot;benefits beyond boundaries\&quot; to those outsidethe park borders.</p>},
	keywords = {management, mangement planning, protected area, tourism},
	author = {L. Thomas and J. Middleton}
}
