@article {425,
	title = {The Mediterranean: vulnerability to coastal implications of climate change},
	journal = {Ocean \& Coastal Management},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1996},
	abstract = {<p>The Mediterranean is experiencing a number of immediate coastal problems  which are triggering efforts to improve short-term coastal management.  This paper shows that coastal management also needs to address long-term  problems and, in particular, the likelihood of climate change. Regional  scale studies suggest that the Mediterranean is particularly vulnerable  to increased flooding by storm surges as sea levels rise -a 1 m rise in  sea level would cause at least a six-fold increase in the number of  people experiencing such flooding in a typical year, without considering  population growth. Protection is quite feasible, however, this would  place a greater burden on those Mediterranean countries in the south  than those in the north. All coastal wetlands appear threatened. Case  studies of coastal cities (Venice and Alexandria), deltas (Nile, PO,  Rhone and Ebro), and islands (Cyprus) support the need to consider  climate change in coastal planning. However, the critical issues vary  from site to site and from setting to setting. In deltaic areas and  low-lying coastal plains climate change, particularly sea-level rise, is  already considered as an important issue, but elsewhere this is not the  case. Therefore, there is a need for coastal management plans to  explicitly address long-term issues, including climate change, and  integrate this planning with short-term issues. This is entirely  consistent with existing guidelines. Given the large uncertainty  concerning the future, planning for climate change will involve  identifying and implementing low-cost proactive measures, such as  appropriate land use planning or improved design standards incorporated  within renewal cycles, as well as identifying sectors or activities  which may be compromised by likely climate change. In the latter case,  any necessary investment can be seen as a prudent {\textquoteright}insurance policy{\textquoteright}.</p>},
	keywords = {adaptation, changement climatique, climate, climate change, coastal management, gestion de la zone c{\^o}ti{\`e}re, hausse du niveau de la mer, management, Mer M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, policy, protection, sea level rise, vuln{\'e}rabilit{\'e}, vulnerability, wetland},
	author = {R.J. Nicholls and F.M.J. Hoozemans}
}
